Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

Key Concepts:

• DNA transcription and RNA processing (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, splicing)

• Translation and the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis

• Gene regulation in prokaryotes (operons: lac and trp) and eukaryotes

• Mutations and their effects on protein structure and function

• Biotechnology tools (PCR, gel electrophoresis, CRISPR)

• Central dogma of molecular biology (DNA → RNA → Protein)